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Cause of disability, disability cause
|
The main underlying reason for, or process leading to, a disability, based on the respondent's perception of the cause of disability. Only one cause was recorded for each disability type reported by a respondent.
In the case of adults: A disability could be classified as being caused by disease/illness; accident/injury; birth; ageing or other cause.
In the case of children: A disability could be classified as being caused by disease/illness; accident/injury; birth or other cause.
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Cause of main disability
|
The main underlying reason for, or process leading to, an adult's main disability.
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Census
|
New Zealand Census of Population and Dwellings. Statistics New Zealand was able to link data from the 1996 and 2001 Household Disability Surveys to data from the individual and dwelling questionnaires of the 1996 Census and 2001 Census. This type of linking was not possible for the Disability Survey of Residential Facilities.
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Child
|
A person aged 0-14 (at the time of the 1996 or 2001 Household Disability Survey or at the time of the 1997 or 2001 Disability Survey of Residential Facilities). Different survey screening questionnaires and content questionnaires were used for children and adults. Parents or caregivers usually answered survey questions on their children's behalf.
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Child Disability Allowance
|
A government-funded allowance paid to the parents or guardians of children requiring 'constant care and attention' because of severe disability. The allowance is a regular fixed-amount payment that is not means tested (Work and Income New Zealand 2003).
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Chronic condition/ health problem
|
A disability type applying only to children that consists of long-term physical conditions or health problems limiting activities. These conditions or health problems include: severe asthma; a lung condition or disease; diabetes; a heart condition or disease; a kidney condition or disease; cancer; epilepsy; cerebral palsy; muscular dystrophy, spina bifida; a gastro-intestinal condition; growth failure or failure to thrive.
This category of disability type relates to particular diagnoses children have, rather than functional limitations.
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Community Services Card
|
Subsidises (through government funding) the costs of visits to family doctors. The card is given automatically to people who receive certain types of government financial assistance (including the Community Wage - Job Seeker, Community Wage - Sickness Benefit, Invalids Benefit and Child Disability Allowance). It is also available to other people assessed as having low to middle incomes (Work and Income New Zealand 2003).
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Community Wage - Job Seeker
|
Also referred to as the Unemployment Benefit. Government-funded, income support for people who: are not working full time and are actively seeking a full-time job and able to start work immediately; or are a full time trainee on an approved work-related course. People who are aged 18 years and over, or are aged 16-17 and living with a partner and dependent children, are eligible for this benefit (Work and Income New Zealand 2003).
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Community Wage - Sickness Benefit
|
Also known as the Sickness Benefit. An income-tested, government-funded payment to adults who are temporarily unable to work because of disability, sickness, injury or pregnancy (Work and Income New Zealand 2003).
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Content questionnaire
|
One of the two survey questionnaires used in the 1996 and 2001 Household Disability Surveys. The main purpose of the content questionnaire was to gain further information about various aspects of the lives of people with disabilities, covering areas such as: use of support services and special technical equipment; education; employment; income; accommodation; living situation and travel.
Different content questionnaires were used for adults and children. Content questionnaires were administered only to people identified as having a disability by the screening questionnaire.
A few of the questions used in the adult content questionnaire of the Household Disability Surveys were also used in Section B of the questionnaire for the 1997 and 2001 Disability Surveys of Residential Facilities.
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Disability
|
In the case of adults: For most disability types, a self-reported, long-term limitation in the ability to carry out one or more activities specified by the Household Disability Survey screening questions. For intellectual disability, the need for support from other people or organisations, or previous use of special education services.
In the case of children: A long-term limitation in the ability to carry out one or more activities specified by the Disability Survey screening questions; use of special education services; use of specific types of equipment; or having certain types of chronic condition/health problem.
'Long-term' was defined as lasting, or being expected to last, for six months or more. (See also disability type.)
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Disability Allowance
|
An income-tested, government-funded allowance that reimburses people for regular costs they have because of disability (Work and Income New Zealand 2003).
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Disability cause
|
See cause of disability.
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Disability support services
|
See DSS.
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Disability type
|
In the case of adults: A particular type of functional limitation (for example, hearing, seeing, mobility, agility, psychiatric/psychological) or use of services (intellectual).
In the case of children: A particular type of functional limitation (for example, hearing, seeing, intellectual, psychiatric/psychological); use of equipment (use of technical aids); use of services (use of special education); or a long-term condition or health problem (chronic condition/ health problem).
See Appendix 1 to the Glossary for further details on classifying disability type.
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Disease/illness
|
A cause of disability where the disability is due to a disease or an illness process such as heart disease, cancer or asthma.
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Disposable items
|
Special disposable items required because of a long-term condition or health problem including: batteries for special equipment; needles; dressings; incontinence pads; colostomy bags and catheters.
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DSS, disability support services
|
Mainly community-based support services for people with disability of all ages to increase their independence and participation. Families of people with disability may also receive these services. Examples of these services include needs assessment, service co-ordination, personal care, housework, respite care, day and vocational services, residential care, equipment and technology, housing and transport modifications, vehicle purchase, and habilitation and rehabilitation (Ministry of Health 2002a).
In New Zealand, disability support services are funded by several government agencies including the Ministry of Health, the Ministry of Education and Work and Income New Zealand. A wide range of other government agencies, as well as private and not-for-profit organisations, provide disability support services.
DSS refers to those services funded by the Ministry of Health and District Health Boards.
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Duration of disability
|
Length of time (in years) that a person has had a particular disability type (since the age of onset).
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Dwelling
|
Any building or structure, or part thereof, used, or intended to be used, for the purpose of human habitation. The building or structure can be permanent, temporary or mobile.
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Early childhood education services
|
Education services for children aged 0-4 including kindergartens, playcentres, childcare centres or crèches, the Early Childhood Correspondence School, playgroups, te Kohanga Reo, and Pacific Island language groups.
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Employed
|
Working for at least one hour per week for financial gain or carrying out unpaid work in a family business.
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Employment rate
|
The proportion of people in a particular population who are employed.
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Equipment and technology
|
Equipment and other technology designed to assist people with disability to carry out certain activities. Examples are: wheelchairs; hearing aids; communication devices; artificial limbs; computers; ventilators; shower stools; lifting equipment; commode chairs; and blood glucose meters.
The Disability Survey questionnaires referred to this equipment and technology as 'special equipment'. In other contexts it is also referred to as technical equipment, technical aids, assistive technology or assistive equipment.
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Ethnic group, ethnicity
|
The ethnic group (or groups) that people identify with, as recorded in the Census. Ethnicity is a self-defined concept that encompasses the sense of belonging to a particular cultural group. In this report, data are provided for four main ethnic groups: Mäori, Pacific, European and Asian/Other.
When an individual identified with more than one ethnic group, Statistics New Zealand used its standard system of prioritisation to allocate the individual to one ethnic group in the order of Mäori, Pacific, Asian/Other, European.
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European
|
People who identify as being New Zealand European (New Zealander, Päkehä, Kiwi), Australian, Dutch, Greek, English, Scottish, Irish, Eurasian, Caucasian, or any other European group. See Ethnic group, ethnicity for how people were allocated to an ethnic group when more than one was specified.
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Everyday housework
|
Examples include tidying up, cleaning and laundry. The other category of housework used by the survey was heavy household work.
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Health care cards
|
Cards that provide government-funded subsidies for health services. They include the Pharmaceutical Subsidy Card, High Use Health Card and Community Services Card.
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Health services
|
Services provided by health professionals, other health workers, therapists or healers including general practitioners or family doctors, nurses, chemists or pharmacists, dentists or dental nurses, physiotherapists, occupational therapists, speech therapists, medical specialists, counsellors, social workers or psychologists, opticians or optometrists, chiropractors, podiatrists or chiropodists, alternative therapists (for example, naturopaths, homeopaths and iridologists), traditional healers (for example, tohunga, rongoa Mäori specialists or fofo) and Mäori and Pacific health workers.
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Hearing disability
|
In the case of adults: A disability type consisting of a difficulty, or an inability, to hear what is said in conversation with one other person and/or with three other people in an environment with no background noise. If the difficulty or inability to hear was corrected, for example, with a hearing aid, an adult was not defined as having a hearing disability.
In the case of children: A disability type consisting of being deaf or having trouble hearing that was not corrected. Children wearing hearing aids were assumed to have an uncorrected hearing problem (that is, they were defined as having a hearing disability). Children with grommets could have a corrected or an uncorrected hearing problem.
The hearing disability category includes people who might, in other contexts, be referred to as 'deaf' or 'hearing impaired'.
Hearing disability, along with seeing disability, is a sub-category of sensory disability.
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Heavy household work
|
Examples include spring cleaning, gardening and mowing lawns.
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High Use Health Card
|
Subsidises (through government funding) medical and prescription services for people who visit the doctor 12 times or more in a year (Work and Income New Zealand 2003).
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Highest qualification
|
The most advanced, formally recognised educational attainment by adults. In this report the categories used are: no school qualification; school qualification and post-school qualification (where 'school' means secondary school).
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Home ownership
|
Whether an individual personally owned, or partly owned, the dwelling in which they usually lived. Ownership includes owning a home with a mortgage.
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Home support
|
Help with the personal care of a person with disability and/or help with housework. [The survey questionnaire did not specify what type of housework this was (everyday housework or heavy household work).]
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Household
|
One person who usually resides alone or two or more people who usually reside together and share facilities such as eating, cooking, or bathroom facilities or a living area.
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Household composition
|
The nature of a household based on who lives there and their relationship to one another. In this report, the categories used are: one-family household; two-family household; another kind of multi-person household; and a one-person household.
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Household income
|
The sum of the annual personal incomes, from all sources, of all adults aged 15 or over living in one household for the year ending 31 March (1996 or 2001).
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Household population
|
The usually-resident population of New Zealand staying in private dwellings and group homes (for example, IHC houses) on Census night. This was the population included in the 1996 and 2001 Household Disability Surveys.
The 1996 and 2001 Household Disability Surveys excluded: non-New Zealand diplomats and non-New Zealand members of their staff and households; members of non-New Zealand armed forces and their dependants; overseas visitors who had been resident in New Zealand for less than 12 months and who did not intend to stay in New Zealand for more than 12 months; long-term residents of non-private dwellings such as homes for older people, retirement homes, hospitals, psychiatric and psychopaedic institutions, and penal institutions; and people living in boarding houses with six or more boarders or lodgers.
(See residential facility for the types of non-private dwelling that were included in the Disability Survey of Residential Facilities.)
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Housing tenure
|
Whether the dwelling in which an individual lived was owned with or without a mortgage or was rented by the usual residents.
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IDP, Individual Development Programme
|
Similar to an IEP (Individual Education Programme) but for pre-school children with special needs.
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IEP, Individual Education Programme
|
Programmes for primary and secondary school students who have special educational needs due to disabilities, learning difficulties or behavioural difficulties.
The term 'IEP' is used to describe several concepts, including: the complete cycle of IEP assessment, planning, provision and evaluation; the meeting at which a student's individual needs are discussed; a plan for an individual student; a documented programme for an individual student.
Written plans for IEPs are prepared in consultation with teachers, parents, special educational professionals and students. Plans are regularly updated as students progress.
IEPs outline a programme for special education services including extra assistance and adapted programmes or learning environments, as well as special equipment or materials to support students in special or regular education settings.
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Income source
|
The source or sources of personal income obtained by adults in the year ending March 2001. Categories include: wages, salary, commissions and bonuses paid by employers; self-employment; interest, dividends, rent and other investments; regular payments from ACC or a private work accident insurer; New Zealand Superannuation or Veteran's Pension; other superannuation, pensions and annuities; Community Wage - Job Seeker; Community Wage - Sickness Benefit; Domestic Purposes Benefit; Invalids Benefit; Student Allowance; other government benefits, government income support payments and war pensions; other sources of income including support payments from people not living in the household; or no source of income. Excluded are: income in kind and imputed, unrealised and contingent income; money received by borrowing, making withdrawals for savings and receiving payments of loan principal; tax credits; and reimbursements of expenses.
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Individual Development Programme
|
See IDP.
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Individual Education Programme
|
See IEP.
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Industry
|
The type of activity undertaken by the organisation, enterprise, business or unit of economic activity within which people are employed. Categories include: government administration and defence; transport and storage; construction; manufacturing, health and community services; accommodation, cafés and restaurants; finance and insurance; agriculture, forestry and fishing; education; wholesale trade; personal and other services; retail trade; communication services; cultural and recreational services; property and business services.
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Intellectual disability
|
A disability type.
In the case of adults: Needing help or support from organisations like IHC or People First, or other people, because of an intellectual disability or a 'handicap'; or previous attendance at a special school or receipt of special education because of an intellectual disability or a 'handicap'.
In the case of children: Any kind of intellectual disability, intellectual handicap or intellectual developmental delay.
The term 'handicap' was used in the relevant survey questions, but usually this term is no longer used.
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Invalids Benefit
|
A government-funded benefit paid to adults who are unable to work 15 hours or more per week because of permanent disability, sickness or injury (Work and Income New Zealand 2003).
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Labour force, in the labour force
|
All people aged 15 years and older who: worked in the reference period for one hour or more per week for financial gain; were unpaid workers in a family business; or were unemployed but were actively seeking full-time or part-time work.
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Labour force status
|
Defines an adult as employed, unemployed or not in the labour force. Employed and unemployed people are categorised as being in the labour force.
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Learning disability
|
A disability type.
In the case of adults: Disability type sub-category (of 'other' disability) a long-lasting condition or health problem that affects a person's mental capacity, making it hard in general for them to learn.
In the case of children: Disability type sub-category (of 'use of special education' disability), consisting of learning disabilities such as dyslexia, attention deficit disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and other conditions that interfere with typical learning processes.
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|
Long-distance travel
|
Trips of 80 kilometres (50 miles) or more, or that take one hour or more travelling on the open road.
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|
Long-term
|
Six months or more (in the context of having a disability).
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Main disability
|
The disability type people rated as the one that most limited their everyday activities. For people with only one disability type, this was counted as their main disability.
Only adults in the 2001 Household Disability Survey and the 2001 Disability Survey of Residential Facilities were asked to specify their main disability.
Children in the 2001 Household Disability Survey were not asked this question. No information on main disability was collected in the 1996 Household Disability Survey or the 1997 Disability Survey of Residential Facilities.
The categories of main disability are the same as for disability type (for example, seeing or hearing).
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Mäori
|
People who identified as being New Zealand Mäori as their sole ethnic group or as one of their ethnic groups. See Ethnic group, ethnicity for how people were allocated to an ethnic group when more than one was specified.
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Medical specialists
|
Doctors who specialise in a particular area of medicine. Their patients are usually referred to them by other doctors such as general practitioners or family doctors. Examples of medical specialists are cardiologists, general surgeons, obstetricians, psychiatrists and paediatricians.
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|
Mobility disability
|
A disability type applying only to adults that consists of difficulty with, or complete inability to do, one of more of the following activities: walking 350 m; walking up and down a flight of stairs; carrying a 5 kg weight for 10 m; moving from one room to another; standing for 20 minutes.
Along with agility disability, mobility disability is a sub-category of physical disability.
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Multiple disabilities
|
Adults with multiple disabilities had two or more of the following disability types: hearing, seeing, mobility, agility, speaking, intellectual, psychiatric/psychological or other.
Children with multiple disabilities had two or more of the following disability types: hearing, seeing, speaking, use of technical aids, chronic condition/health problem, intellectual, psychiatric/psychological, use of special education or other.
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Needs assessment
|
A needs assessment is a process in which all of a person's care and support needs for everyday living are identified and prioritised with a needs assessor. Care and support needs include home help, personal care and respite care.
At the time of the 2001 Household Disability Survey, needs assessments could be carried out by needs assessors from agencies funded by the Ministry of Health (for example, community-based needs assessment and service co-ordination agencies, Special Education Services (SES)and Child, Youth and Family). [Note that the 2001 Household Disability Survey field manual, used by interviewers, stated that Health Funding Authority (HFA) providers carried out needs assessments. However, by the time the survey was conducted, these HFA functions had been taken over by the Ministry of Health.]
Note that needs assessments provided by the ACC were excluded from questions in the 2001 Household Disability Survey.
Based on the needs assessment, a subsequent process - service co-ordination - identifies the most appropriate services and support options for a person, subject to the availability of services and funding.
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Non-partnered
|
Adults who are not partnered. See also social marital status.
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Non-private dwellings
|
Dwellings that are available to the public including hotels; motels; hospitals; prisons; educational, welfare, religious and charitable institutions; homes for the elderly; and boarding houses with six or more boarders or lodgers. Non-private dwellings usually have shared cooking and dining facilities.
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Not in the labour force
|
Not currently employed for financial gain for one or more hours per week, not working in an unpaid position in a family business, or unemployed but not actively seeking work. The category includes people who are retired, students, parents or carers of young children, people doing unpaid housework, and people with disability who are unable to work.
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NZDep2001
|
An index or measure of the level of socioeconomic deprivation in different geographic areas of New Zealand. It is calculated using 2001 Census data on car and telephone access, receipt of means-tested benefits, unemployment, household income, sole parenting, educational qualifications, home ownership and home living space (Salmond and Crampton 2002).
The index ranges from 1 to 10. A score of 1 indicates that people are living in the least deprived 10 percent of New Zealand, while a score of 10 indicates that people are living in the most deprived 10 percent of New Zealand.
Because the index is derived from data referring to the whole population of an area (and not individuals) the socioeconomic circumstances of individuals with disability can vary from the average situation in an area. For example, while someone with disability may live in an area assigned to NZDep2001 decile 1 (least deprived), he or she may still have a lower socioeconomic status compared with most other people living in that area. Therefore, caution is needed when interpreting NZDep2001 data.
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Occupation
|
The job, trade, profession or type of work in which a person is employed for financial reward or as an unpaid worker in a family business. In this report the major group level of the New Zealand Standard Classification of Occupations 1999 (NZSCO99) is used to classify people's occupations. The groups are: elementary occupations; trades workers; technicians and associated professionals; plant and machine operators and assemblers; service and sales workers; agriculture and fishery workers; legislators, administrators and managers; professionals; and clerks.
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One-family household
|
A household containing a single family, with a family defined as a single parent or caregiver plus one or more children, a couple plus one or more children, or a couple without children. Couples may be same-sex or opposite-sex.
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Other cause of disability
|
The category used when the main, underlying reasons for, or processes leading to, a disability, were unable to be classified as one of the following:
In the case of adults: disease/illness; accident/injury; birth; or ageing.
In the case of children: disease/illness; accident/injury; or birth.
Examples of other causes of disability included effects of childbirth, alcohol or illegal drugs, medical side-effects, working conditions and environmental factors such as noise and weather.
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Other disability type
|
See Appendix 1 to the Glossary.
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Pacific
|
People identifying as being Samoan, Cook Island Mäori, Tongan, Niuean or from another Pacific Island ethnic group. See Ethnic group, ethnicity for information on how people were allocated to an ethnic group where more than one was specified.
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Partnered
|
A category of social marital status applying only to adults.
Adults who are partnered live with their:
- legal husband or wife; or
- de facto partner, girlfriend or boyfriend (this includes same-sex or opposite-sex partners).
All other people are classified as 'non-partnered'.
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Personal care
|
Assistance with activities such as bathing, dressing and taking medication.
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Personal income
|
An individual's annual income from all income sources for the year ending 31 March (1996 or 2001). To overcome collection difficulties, Census information about personal income is collected as an income range, rather than an actual dollar income.
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|
Pharmaceutical Subsidy Card
|
Available to families who have paid for 20 or more government prescription charges in a year, excluding prescription charges for children aged under six. After the 20th prescription item, families pay $2 per item for the rest of the year, along with any other non-government charges that apply. This is a government-funded subsidy (Work and Income New Zealand 2003).
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Physical disability
|
A broad disability type category that comprises agility disability and mobility disability.
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|
Population estimate
|
An estimate of the number of people in the New Zealand population who have a particular characteristic (for example, a mobility disability) derived from data obtained from the 1996 or 2001 Household Disability Survey and the 1997 or 2001 Disability Survey of Residential Facilities.
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|
Prevalence
|
The proportion of people with a particular characteristic measured at one point in time. In this report, prevalence is expressed as a percentage (rate per 100) or as a rate per 100,000 population.
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|
Primary and secondary education services
|
Schools for children aged 5 years and older including: primary schools; intermediate schools; area or composite schools; kura kaupapa Mäori; secondary schools; special schools; home schooling; and the Correspondence School.
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Private dwelling
|
Any permanent or temporary dwelling occupied by one or more people that is not available to the general public including: houses; flats; apartments; residences attached to a business or an institution; baches, cribs and holiday homes; and individual flats or units in a retirement village. Excludes dwellings with six or more boarders or lodgers (that is, boarding houses).
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Psychiatric/ psychological disability
|
A disability type.
In the case of adults: Any long-term emotional, psychological or psychiatric condition resulting in difficulty with, or prevention of, communicating, socialising or doing everyday activities that people the same age can usually do.
In the case of children: Any long-term emotional, behavioural, psychological, nervous or mental health condition limiting the kind, or amount, of children's activities at home, school or play.
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Public transport
|
Aeroplanes, trains, ferries, buses and trams.
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|
Receive(d) special education services, receiving special education services
|
A sub-category of the disability type 'use of special education'. Children currently attending special schools, special units or special classes were defined by the 2001 Household Disability Survey as receiving special education services.
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|
Region
|
Geographical regions of New Zealand. Four are used in this report - Northern, Midland, Central and Southern - equivalent to the 2001 administrative boundaries used by the Ministry of Health and ACC. The Northern region includes Northland and Auckland; the Midland region includes Waikato, Rotorua, Taupo, Bay of Plenty and Taranaki; the Central region includes Gisborne, Hawkes Bay, Wairarapa, Wanganui, Manawatu and Wellington; and the Southern region covers all of the South Island.
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|
Relative sampling error, RSE
|
A measure of the statistical reliability of the Disability Survey results. Because results come from a sample of people, rather than the entire population, variability from the true situation occurs because of chance. This is called the sampling error.
All results presented in the current report are within the 70 percent relative sampling error cut-off points. This means there is a 95 percent chance that the true value lies between plus or minus 70 percent of the calculated population estimate.
See Appendix 2 to the Glossary for a table of sampling errors used in this report and the Appendix Tables.
For further details about relative sampling error calculations for the 2001 Household Disability Survey and the 2001 Disability Survey of Residential Facilities, see Disability Counts 2001 (Statistics New Zealand 2002a: 19-23).
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|
Remembering disability
|
A disability type, applying only to adults, that is defined as an ongoing difficulty with remembering things (that is, a problem with long-term memory and/or short-term memory). The difficulty may be due to a long-lasting condition or health problem such as Alzheimer's disease, a head injury or epilepsy.
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Residential facility
|
A non-private dwelling included in the sample for the Disability Survey of Residential Facilities. Residential facilities included: rest homes/homes for older people; long-stay beds in public hospitals; long-stay beds in private hospitals; long-stay residential units (with 10 or more people) including intellectual disability units, psychiatric disability units, physical disability units, and multiple disability units. Excluded were several types of dwellings, for example, acute wards of hospitals, prisons, schools, boarding houses, group homes, hotels, motels, guest houses, motor camps, communes and marae (for a full list of exclusions, see Statistics New Zealand 2002a: 132).
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Respite care
|
Also known as carer support. A period of alternative care that enables a usual caregiver to have a break from looking after a person with disability. It may involve a replacement caregiver staying at, or visiting, a person's home. Alternatively, the person with disability may stay in a hospital, a rest home or another service providing out-of-home care.
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RSE
|
See relative sampling error.
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Rural
|
Areas not specifically designated as urban. Rural areas include towns of fewer than 1000 population, plus an administrative district territory where this is not included in an urban area. Offshore islands, normally classified as rural by Statistics New Zealand, were excluded from the 1996 and 2001 Household Disability Surveys, apart from Waiheke Island.
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Screening questionnaire
|
A questionnaire used in the 1996 and 2001 Household Disability Surveys to determine if people met the criteria for having a disability. Questions covered the types and causes of disability. Different screening questionnaires were used for adults and children.
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|
Seeing disability
|
In the case of adults: A disability type consisting of a difficulty, or an inability, to read ordinary newspaper print and/or to see the face of someone across a room.
In the case of children: A disability type consisting of being blind or having trouble with eyesight.
For adults and children, if the difficulty or inability to see was corrected, for example, by glasses or contact lenses, people were not defined as having a seeing disability.
The seeing disability category includes people who might in other contexts be referred to as 'blind' or 'vision impaired'.
Along with hearing disability, seeing disability is a sub-category of sensory disability.
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|
Sensory disability
|
A broad category of disability type comprising hearing disability and seeing disability.
|
|
Severity of disability
|
A three-level classification of how severely people were affected by disability. According to this definition people with:
-
severe disabilities receive, or need, daily help with activities such as preparing meals, shopping, everyday housework, bathing or dressing
-
moderate disabilities use, or need, 'some type of assistive device, aid or equipment' and/or help with certain heavier or more difficult household tasks
-
mild disabilities have a disability, but do not require regular help from other people or technical aids.
The classification of severity was derived from a slightly different set of questions for adults and children, because adults and children were not asked identical questions about the assistance they received or the equipment they used.
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Sex
|
Male or female.
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|
Sheltered employment
|
Employment in sheltered workshops or in jobs specifically set up to provide work for people with disability.
|
|
Sheltered workshops
|
Places that provide a variety of services to people with disability, one of which is employment.
|
|
Short-distance travel
|
Trips of less than 80 kilometres (50 miles), or that take less than one hour travelling on the open road.
|
|
Single disability
|
Adults were classified as having a single disability if they had one of the following disability types: hearing, seeing, mobility, agility, speaking, intellectual, psychiatric/psychological, or other.
Children were classified as having a single disability if they had one of the following disability types: hearing, seeing, speaking, use of technical aids, chronic condition/health problem, intellectual, psychiatric/psychological, special education or other.
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|
Social marital status
|
Whether an adult has a legal or de facto partner or spouse (husband or wife). The categories of social marital status used in this report are partnered and non-partnered.
|
|
Speaking disability
|
A disability type consisting of difficulty speaking and being understood because of a long-term condition or health problem.
Speaking disability is usually included within the category 'other disability' in this report.
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|
Special education services
|
Services that provide extra assistance, adapted programmes or learning environments, and specialised equipment or materials, to support children and young people with special needs to access the education curriculum in a range of settings. Also see received special education services.
|
|
Special Needs Grants
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One-off, government-funded payments to people on low incomes who have limited cash assets. The payments are for urgent necessities such as food, bedding or dental or medical treatment (Work and Income New Zealand 2003).
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Special school
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A school catering only for children with special needs.
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Special workplace requirements
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Personal assistance, technical equipment or other workplace modifications that enable or assist people with disability to work.
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Spouse
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Husband or wife.
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Status in employment
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The classification of employed people as: paid employees; self-employed and not employing others; an employer of others in their own business; or working without pay in a family business or family farm.
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Te ao Mäori
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The Mäori point of view, perspective or world.
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Technical aids
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See uses technical aids.
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Total Mobility Scheme
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A scheme funded by local government agencies and Transfund (a stand-alone government agency - a crown entity) offering subsidised taxi fares to people with all types of disability who find it difficult to use public transport.
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Type of disability
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See disability type.
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Unemployed
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People aged 15 years or over were categorised as unemployed if they: were not working for one hour or more per week for financial gain; or were not working in an unpaid position in a family business; and had been actively seeking full-time or part-time employment in the previous four weeks. Note that this category excludes adults who are students enrolled in secondary and tertiary education, as they are not in the labour force.
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Unemployment rate
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The proportion of people in the labour force who are unemployed.
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Unmet need
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A particular support service that people with disability reported they needed but had been unable to get (for example, financial assistance, special equipment, modifications to a building or vehicle, health service or personal assistance). The identification of need was based on survey participants' perceptions of their situation and memory of experiences, rather than measurements or assessments conducted by other people, such as needs assessors. Survey participants were asked to identify the reasons for their unmet need from a list of options such as: not knowing there was such a service; lack of local availability of the service; lack of eligibility for the service; not liking the service that was available; feeling uncomfortable with the service for cultural reasons; lack of transport; and lack of appointment availability.
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Urban
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Area(s) of a city (or cities) and/or area(s) of a district (or districts), having populations of 1000 people or more. Urban areas include: 'main urban areas' (population 30,000 and over); 'secondary urban areas' (population 10,000-29,999); and 'minor urban areas' (population 1000-9999).
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Use of special education
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A disability type applying only to children and defined as current attendance at a special school, or a special unit or class at a regular school, or a regular class where special education services are provided, because of a long-term condition or health problem (receiving special education services). The category also includes children who have an individualised plan or programme at school or pre-school because of learning or developmental difficulties (IEP or IDP), as well as children who have a learning disability caused by conditions such as dyslexia, attention deficit disorder or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
This disability type category is based on the use of certain types of service or clinical diagnoses rather than the limitation of a specific type of function.
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Use of technical aids
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A disability type applying only to children where a long-term condition or health problem necessitates the use of equipment or technology. Includes use of: wheelchairs; special buggies or trolleys; crutches; walking sticks; walking or standing frames; braces (but not dental braces); artificial limbs; or other equipment like modified beds or eating utensils (but excluding asthma inhalers, grommets, spectacles and other types of equipment that eliminate functional limitation). Note that only a minority of children with disability using equipment for seeing, hearing or communication were included in this category.
This disability type this category is based on the use of certain types of equipment rather than being a limitation in a specific type of function.
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Veterans Pension
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Income support for ex-service people aged 65 and over who are receiving a War Disablement Pension for a disability that has been assessed as at least 70 percent, or ex-service people aged under 65 who cannot work because of a disability from any cause (including a non-service related cause) (Work and Income New Zealand 2003).
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War Disablement Pension
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Available to people who have a disability as a result of military service. The pension is non-taxable and non-income-tested, and is assessed according to the degree of disability (Work and Income New Zealand 2003).
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Whänau
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Mäori term for 'family' commonly used in New Zealand. The term has many meanings, depending on context, but often refers to an extended family group comprising several generations and parent-child families related by descent from a recent ancestor (Metge 1995).
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With disability
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Met the criteria for having a disability, as determined by the screening questionnaires of the 1996 and 2001 Household Disability Surveys and the screening section of the 1997 and 2001 Disability Surveys of Residential Facilities.
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Without disability
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Did not meet the criteria for having a disability, as determined by the screening questionnaires of the 1996 and 2001 Household Disability Surveys and the screening section of the 1997 and 2001 Disability Surveys of Residential Facilities.
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